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Plant species richness and functional composition drive overyielding in a six-year grassland experiment

机译:在六年的草原实验中,植物物种的丰富性和功能成分促使其产量过高

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摘要

Plant diversity has been shown to increase community biomass in experimental communities, but the mechanisms resulting in such positive biodiversity effects have remained largely unknown. We used a large-scale six-year biodiversity experiment near Jena, Germany, to examine how aboveground community biomass in grasslands is affected by different components of plant diversity and thereby infer the mechanisms that may underlie positive biodiversity effects. As components of diversity we defined the number of species (1–16), number of functional groups (1–4), presence of functional groups (legumes, tall herbs, small\udherbs, and grasses) and proportional abundance of functional groups. Using linear models, replacement series on the level of functional groups, and additive partitioning on the level of species, we explored whether the observed biodiversity effects originated from disproportionate effects of single functional groups or species or from positive interactions between them.\udAboveground community biomass was positively related to the number of species measured across functional groups as well as to the number of functional groups measured across different levels of species richness. Furthermore, increasing the number of species within functional groups increased aboveground community biomass, indicating that species within functional groups were not redundant with respect to biomass production. A positive relationship between the number of functional groups and aboveground community biomass within a particular level of species richness suggested that complementarity was larger between\udspecies belonging to different rather than to the same functional groups. The presence of legumes or tall herbs had a strong positive impact on aboveground community biomass whereas the presence of small herbs or grasses had on average no significant effect. Two- and three-way interactions between functional group presences were weak, suggesting that their main effects were largely additive. Replacement series analyses on the level of functional\udgroups revealed strong transgressive overyielding and relative yields .1, indicating facilitation. On the species level, we found strong complementarity effects that increased over time while selection effects due to disproportionate contributions of particular species\uddecreased over time. We conclude that transgressive overyielding between functional groups and species richness effects within functional groups caused the positive biodiversity effects on aboveground community biomass in our experiment.
机译:研究表明,植物多样性可以增加实验社区的生物量,但是导致这种积极的生物多样性影响的机制仍然未知。我们在德国耶拿附近进行了一项为期六年的大规模生物多样性实验,以研究草原地上社区生物量如何受到植物多样性不同成分的影响,从而推断出可能对生物多样性产生积极影响的机制。作为多样性的组成部分,我们定义了种类(1–16),功能组(1–4),功能组(豆类,高药草,小\树皮和草)的存在以及功能组的比例丰度。使用线性模型,在功能组水平上的置换序列以及在物种水平上的加性划分,我们探讨了观察到的生物多样性影响是否源自单个功能组或物种的不成比例效应,或源自它们之间的正向相互作用。与跨功能组测得的物种数量以及跨不同物种丰富度水平测得的官能团数量成正相关。此外,增加功能组内物种的数量会增加地上群落生物量,这表明功能组内物种在生物量生产方面不是多余的。在特定物种丰富度内,功能基团数量与地上群落生物量之间呈正相关关系,表明属于不同功能基团而不是相同功能基团的物种之间的互补性更大。豆类或高草药的存在对地上群落生物量具有强烈的积极影响,而小草药或草的存在平均没有显着影响。官能团存在之间的双向和三向相互作用较弱,表明它们的主要作用在很大程度上是累加的。对功能性\ udgroups水平的置换系列分析显示,强效的过度生产和相对产量.1,表明促进。在物种水平上,我们发现强大的互补效应随着时间的推移而增加,而选择效应则是由于特定物种的不成比例的贡献\随着时间的推移而减少。我们得出的结论是,在我们的实验中,功能组之间的过分过度生产和功能组内物种丰富性效应导致了生物多样性对地上群落生物量的积极影响。

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